The National Latin Exam will be held on Wed., March 12, during tutorial in Room 101.

You have received a handout on the demonstrative pronouns/adjectives hic, haec, hoc and ille, illa, illud. The next chart,which has many similarities, is for relative pronouns: quī, quae, quod. Relative pronouns are, in English, this, that, which, whose, who, etc. Here are some sentences, in English, using relative pronouns:

1) My father, whose birthday is tomorrow, will be away.

2) The book that you lent me is really good.

3) Did you see my friend, who is wearing a pink sweater?

Each sentence contains a main clause and a relative clause (a subordinate clause beginning with a relative pronouns)

1) Main clause: My father will be away.
    Relative clause: whose birthday is tomorrow.
    Relative pronoun: whose, replacing my father with a genitive, to show possession. In Latin, a masculine, singular, genitive pronoun would be used, because it replaces one male (my father) and shows possession (of a birthday).

2) Main clause: The book is really good.
     Relative clause: that you lent me
    Relative pronoun: that, replacing book with an accusative to show direct object. In Latin, a masculine, singular, accusative pronoun would be used, because it replaces one male object (book) and is the direct object of lent.

3) Main clause: Did you see my friend?
    Relative clause: who is wearing a pink sweater
    Relative pronoun: who, replacing my friend with a nominative to show a subject. In Latin, a feminine, singular, nominative would be used, because it replaces one female (my friend) and is the subject of wearing.

Click here for a chart of the relative pronouns.
Click here for lots of examples of Latin usage and lots of practice translations. Here are the answers.

Your homework for Monday: pick 4 different verbs from chapter 23, then conjugate them in the present, imperfect, perfect and future tenses. "Conjugate" = give all 6 forms for that particular tense.

Here's an example, from sum, esse

Present Tense:
sum             sumus
es                estis
est               sunt

Imperfect Tense:
eram           eramus
eras             eratis
erat             erant

Future Tense:
ero              erimus
eris             eritis
erit              erunt

Perfect Tense:
fui               fuimus
fuisti           fuistis
fuit              fuērunt

Your homework for Thursday is a handout on the future tense. Click here for a copy.

There is no homework for Tuesday but there is a QUIZ! You will need to know how to conjugate all verbs in the future tense: regular and irregular. You will need to be able to translate verb forms as well.

There will be a quiz on the future tense next Tuesday. You will be expected to conjugate verbs in the future tense and to recognize all tenses of verbs we've learned (just as you did during the warm-up in class today).

Homework for Monday is the substantive worksheet handed out in class today. Click here for a copy of the handout. Remember, substantives are simply adjectives being used as nouns. They take the gender, number and case of the nouns they replace. P. 200 in your textbook gives a good explanation.

If you missed class on Thursday, you can see a practice quiz we did in class. We went over part of it Thursday but will continue to discuss it on Monday. Click here for a copy of the quiz.

Homework for Thursday, 2/20: translate the conversation on page 204: 23f.

Homework for Thursday:
Translate ALL of the Chapter 23 story (At the Porta Capena)

Some notes to help you:

1) Most of the story is told in the past tenses. The tenses change when Titus and Cornelius have a conversation. They use the present and future tenses with one another. The rest of the story goes back to the past tenses.

2) Figuring out the cases of nouns is the key to decoding confusing sentences. For example:
line 3- note the case of Cornelios!
line 4 - note the cases of raedas, urbem and Romanis.
line 5 - multitudinem, civium, servorum, turbam - these are NOT all the same case!

Etc. . . . .

3) In line 3 - lectica (litter) refers to the means of transportation whereby people sit in a sort of wagon, but instead of wheels, there are handles held by slaves. The slaves literally carry people around in litters (see picture on p. 198).

4) Remember that in a prepositional phrase, when a noun AND an adjective are used, the preposition is often positioned between the noun and the preposition, as in this example from line 7:
     "maximo cum gaudio" - with the greatest joy

5) In line 11 - the "quos" refers to the lecticarii - the litter-bearers

6) In line 14 - itinere is an ablative of cause

Happy Snow Days!! Now that you've had a chance to relax, I hope you'll practice for the quiz tomorrow. Here is a quia.com activity to help you get ready.

Homework for Thursday: exercise 22d. Please give the noun(s) in the dative case and translate each sentence.

Pages 189-191 give very helpful information on the dative case, if you would like some additional clarification.

REMEMBER: There is a QUIZ on Thursday! The previous post has a link to the principal parts of verbs you will be quizzed on.

Your homework for Tuesday is to complete the rough draft of the story in Chapter 22: From the Inn to Rome. If it takes you a LONG time, spend 20 minutes of your best attention and bring in what you have.

On Thursday we will have a quiz on the principal parts of the verbs in Chapter 22. Click here for a list.

Click here for the vocabulary in Chapter 22.